Front-Country Hiking

The centerpiece of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is the 30-square-mile (78-square-km) dunefield, containing the tallest dunes in North America. Because there are no trails, you can venture out anywhere you'd like to discover ripples, plants, tracks, dunes, and sand grains of every color. In summer, plan your time for early morning or evening to avoid sand surface temperatures of 150 degrees F or thunderstorms with lightning. Boots with long pants work best to keep sand out of your shoes. Avoid sandals which will chafe your feet. Walk on the tops of ridges for the firmest footing. It would be very difficult for an adult to get lost in the dunes, because you can see the mountains, entrance road, and visitor center for reference.

Any age can explore and play in the sand. Children should be supervised at all times to avoid getting lost. 1-2 year-olds may get sand in their mouths or eyes as they play with it. Young children are lower to the ground, and may experience heat exhaustion or burns from the hot sand surface if hiking in mid-day during summer months. Avoid the dunes during the hottest part of the day in summer. Instead, plan your dunes time for morning or evening, and spend the afternoon hours in forested areas or by water.

Unlimited - you can explore for a few minutes or a few hours!

Regular entrance fees to the park include access to the dunes.

Girl with backpack standing on dunes at sunset

Girl on Dunes

Walk or take a Dunes Wheelchair across the flat area where Medano Creek flows each spring. Explore anywhere you wish in the huge dunefield. Hiking information for the tallest dunes is below.

The centerpiece of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is the 30-square-mile (78-square-km) dunefield, featuring the tallest dunes in North America. Because there are no trails, you can venture out anywhere you'd like to discover unusual insects, plants, wildlife tracks, ripples, and sand grains of every color. In warmer months, watch for one of <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/learn/nature/insects.htm">7 species of endemic insects</a>, found nowhere else in the world, that are specially adapted to the extreme environment here. During summer, plan your dunes time for early morning or evening to avoid sand surface temperatures of 150 degrees F, or thunderstorms with lightning and wind. Boots with long pants work best to keep sand out of your shoes. Walk on the tops of ridges for the firmest footing. It's very difficult for an adult to get lost in the dunes, because you can see the mountains, entrance road, and visitor center for reference. If you have time and energy, hike High Dune on First Ridge (692 feet/211 m), Star Dune (741 feet/226 m) or Hidden Dune (742 feet/226m).  How were these dunes formed? Discover the answer in this <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-the-geology-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to the geology of Great Sand Dunes</a>. You can also discover geological processes at your feet! Look and feel for sinous ripples in the dunes. Lighter-colored, coarse sand made of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks from the nearby Sangre de Cristo Mountains forms ripples that slowly move over darker, fine-grained volcanic sand from the distant San Juan Mountains.  You may also notice streaks or patches of black magnetite sand as you explore. This mineral is similar to iron, but never rusts. It gains its strong magnetic charge when lightning strikes magnetite mineral deposits in the Sangre de Cristo and San Juan Mountains. These deposits erode into sand that arrives in the dunes by wind and water, and the sand retains its magnetic charge. While this sand can be picked up with a magnet, please leave it here for others to also enjoy and study. Occasionally, visitors find rough tubes of dark glass on the sand formed from lightning. <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/grsa-fulgurites.htm">Learn about the formation of fulgurites in this short article</a>. All natural and cultural objects in national parks are protected by federal law; you may pick them up and study them, but please leave them for other visitors to also enjoy. You may hear the dunes make sounds as you hike - listen to a recording and learn more about the '<a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/grsa-singing-sands.htm">singing sands</a>'!  More topics on Great Sand Dunes <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-plants-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Plants of Great Sand Dunes</a> <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-birds-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Birds of Great Sand Dunes</a> <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-endemic-insects-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Endemic Insects of Great Sand Dunes</a> <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-mammals-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Mammals of Great Sand Dunes</a> <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-amphibians-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Amphibians of Great Sand Dunes</a> <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-reptiles-at-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Reptiles of Great Sand Dunes</a> <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/introduction-to-fish-of-great-sand-dunes.htm">Introduction to Fish of Great Sand Dunes</a>

Pets are allowed anywhere in the main use area up to the top of the first high skyline ridge of dunes. Pets are not permitted beyond the first high dune ridge.

Spring can sometimes bring high winds, mainly in the afternoon. Temperatures can vary widely: highs may reach into the 60s F, or only into the 30s F with snow and an even colder windchill. In summer, daytime high temperatures average 75-80 degrees F. However, sand surface temperatures can soar to 150 degrees F on sunny summer afternoons. Fall is generally mild, with highs in the 50s - 70s F, with chilly nights in the 20s - 30s F. Be prepared, though, for the occasional cold fall storm, bringing icy rain or even snow. Cold temperatures are the norm in winter, although sunshine is generally abundant, and the dry air doesn't feel nearly as cold as more humid eastern winters. Average highs are in the teens-30s F, with lows averaging minus 15 F to minus 5 F in the coldest part of winter. Snow may fall and blizzards occasionally occur, so bring warm, layered clothing and sturdy footwear.

Explore the tallest dunes in North America! The centerpiece of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is the 30-square-mile (78-square-km) dunefield, featuring the tallest dunes in North America. Because there are no trails, you can venture out anywhere you'd like to discover unusual insects, plants, wildlife tracks, ripples, and sand grains of every color.

Avoid midday in summer months, when sand temperatures can soar over 150 degrees F. Sunrise and sunset are the prettiest times to photograph and enjoy the dunes, while nighttime provides a completely different experience. Visit on a bright full moon night to explore without a flashlight, or on a moonless night to see the most stars. The Milky Way is highest and most visible in the sky during late summer and fall.

Explore the Dunes

Dunes

Unique Species

Surfing

Sand sledding or sandboarding can be fun with the right gear and conditions. Below are tips for an enjoyable and safe sledding or sandboarding experience at Great Sand Dunes. <ul> <li>Don't waste time with snow sleds, saucers, cardboard, or soft plastic items. These won't slide on dry sand. </li> <li>Sandboards and sand sleds are specifically made for sand, featuring a special design with extra slick base material and special wax; these work best for sliding in most conditions. Rent these at local retailers outside the national park (see list below).</li> <li>Sandboarding, sledding, and skiing are permitted anywhere on the dunefield away from vegetated areas. From the main Dunes Parking Area, it's a minimum 0.7 mile (1 km) hike to get to the small or medium-sized slopes; the top of the first high ridge is 1.25 miles. Smaller slopes at the base are fine for young children, while teens and adults may prefer longer slopes near the top of the first high ridge of dunes.</li> <li>Plan your dunes time for early morning or evening during summer to avoid a 150 degree F sand surface or thunderstorms. In spring and fall, sand temperatures are usually moderate throughout the day, but spring afternoons can be very windy.</li> <li>While Castle Creek Picnic Area (4WD access) provides close access to high slopes, sledders who can't stop may crash into the firm creekbed sand at the base. Instead, it is recommended to sled on the first high ridge of dunes, accessible from the main Dunes Parking Area. At the base of most dunes in this area is softer sand and a gentler runout to slow you down.</li> <li>Sledding/Sandboarding has a potential for injuries if safety precautions aren't considered. If injuries occur, assistance from ranger staff may be required. Sledding beyond the first high ridge of dunes will make it more difficult to receive timely assistance.</li> </ul> <h3>Rentals</h3> The National Park does not rent sand sleds or sandboards; these may be rented or purchased at retailers in the San Luis Valley. Some retailers are a 45 minute drive away from the dunes in the off-season. Plan to rent gear before arriving at the park. Be sure to check the location, prices, and policies of each retailer to see which one best meets your logistics and budget. 4 miles away - <a href="http://www.greatdunes.com/">Oasis Store</a> is located 4 miles from the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center near the park entrance. Hours vary; open mid-March through October for sandboards and sand sled rentals. Call 719-378-2222. To protect the special slick material on the bottom of each board, Oasis will not rent sleds when the sand is wet. 25 miles away - <a href="https://spindriftsandboards.business.site/">Spin Drift Sand Board Rentals</a>, located in downtown Blanca, 25 miles southeast of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sandsleds and sandboards mid-March through October. Follow link above to website or call 719-379-4410. 32 miles away - <a href="http://www.sanddunespool.com/grille/">Sand Dunes Swimming Pool and Recreation</a>, located near Hooper, 32 miles west of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sandsleds and sandboards year round. Follow the link or call 719-378-2807. The facility is closed on Thursdays for pool cleaning. 35 miles away - <a href="http://www.slvoutdoor.com/">Kristi Mountain Sports</a> in Alamosa, 35 miles southwest of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sandsleds and sandboards year round. Follow the link or call 719-589-9759. To protect the special slick material on the bottom of each board, Kristi will not rent them when the sand is frozen. 64 miles away - <a href="https://www.spanishpeaksoutfitters.com/">Spanish Peaks Outfitters</a> located in La Veta, Colorado, 64 miles southeast of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sand sleds and sandboards year round. 720-401-8545.

Young children will need to be held on an adult's lap for safety. As with any fast activity, visitors should consider potential injuries.

Plan on a minimum of 2 hours to hike to a slope and sled down a few times. Children typically sled on lower slopes, while teens and adults hike higher to taller slopes, requiring more time and effort.

Sand sled and sandboard rentals average about $20 per sled per day. These are rented at retailers outside the national park. Each retailer has different prices, policies, and logistics for sled rentals.

Two girls speed down a dune on a specially designed sand sled.

Two Girls Sand Sledding

Sandboard and sand sled anywhere on the first ridge of dunes, accessible from the main Dunes Parking Area.

Sand sledding or sandboarding can be fun with the right gear and conditions. On this page you'll find tips for an enjoyable and safe sand sledding experience at Great Sand Dunes, and links to area rentals. You can also <a href="https://youtu.be/UOBcDSd690o">watch a video on the Great Sand Dunes YouTube Channel about sandboarding and sand sledding.</a> <ul> <li>Don't waste time with snow sleds, saucers, cardboard, or soft plastic items. These won't slide on dry sand. </li> <li>Sandboards and sand sleds are specifically made for sand, featuring a special design with extra slick base material and special wax; these work best for sliding in most conditions. Rent these at local retailers outside the national park (see list below).</li> <li>Sandboarding, sledding, and skiing are permitted anywhere on the dunefield away from vegetated areas. From the main Dunes Parking Area, it's a minimum 0.7 mile (1 km) hike to get to the small or medium-sized slopes; the top of the first high ridge is 1.25 miles. Smaller slopes at the base are fine for young children, while teens and adults may prefer longer slopes near the top of the first high ridge of dunes.</li> <li>Plan your dunes time for early morning or evening during summer to avoid a 150 degree F sand surface or thunderstorms. In spring and fall, sand temperatures are usually moderate throughout the day, but spring afternoons can be very windy.</li> <li>While Castle Creek Picnic Area (4WD access) provides close access to high slopes, sledders who can't stop may crash into the firm creekbed sand at the base. Instead, it is recommended to sled on the first high ridge of dunes, accessible from the main Dunes Parking Area. At the base of most dunes in this area is softer sand and a gentler runout to slow you down.</li> <li>Sledding/Sandboarding has a potential for injuries if safety precautions aren't considered. If injuries occur, assistance from ranger staff may be required. Sledding beyond the first high ridge of dunes will make it more difficult to receive timely assistance in case of injury.</li> </ul> <h3>Rentals</h3> The National Park Service does not rent sand sleds or sandboards. These may be rented or purchased at retailers in the San Luis Valley. Some retailers are a 45 minute drive away from the dunes. Plan to rent gear before arriving at the park. Be sure to check the location, prices, and policies of each retailer to see which one best meets your trip logistics and budget. 4 miles away - <a href="http://www.greatdunes.com/">Oasis Store</a> is located 4 miles from the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center near the park entrance. Hours vary; open March through October for sandboard and sand sled rentals. Call 719-378-2222. To protect the special slick material on the bottom of each board, Oasis will not rent sleds when the sand is wet. 25 miles away - <a href="https://spindriftsandboards.business.site/">Spin Drift Sand Board Rentals</a>, located in downtown Blanca, 25 miles southeast of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sandsleds and sandboards mid-March through October. Follow link above to website or call 719-379-4410. 32 miles away - <a href="http://www.sanddunespool.com/grille/">Sand Dunes Swimming Pool and Recreation</a>, located near Hooper, 32 miles west of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sandsleds and sandboards year round. Follow the link or call 719-378-2807. The facility is closed on Thursdays for pool cleaning. 35 miles away - <a href="http://www.slvoutdoor.com/">Kristi Mountain Sports</a> in Alamosa, 35 miles southwest of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sandsleds and sandboards year round. Follow the link or call 719-589-9759. To protect the special slick material on the bottom of each board, Kristi will not rent them when the sand is frozen. 64 miles away - <a href="https://www.spanishpeaksoutfitters.com/">Spanish Peaks Outfitters</a> located in La Veta, Colorado, 64 miles southeast of the Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center, rents sand sleds and sandboards year round. 720-401-8545.

Pets are permitted up to the top of the first ridge of dunes.

No reservations are needed to slide down the dunes.

Sandboarding and sand sledding can occur any time of year, but in winter months, some retailers will not rent the sleds due to potential damage from frozen sand. When snow falls on the dunes, consider bringing snow equipment instead.

Sandboarding and sand sledding are the most popular activities on the dunes. Read the information on this page to have a positive, fun, and safe experience.

Sandboarding and Sand Sledding can occur any time of day, but in summer months plan your time on the dunes for morning or evening to avoid 150 degree F sand or thunderstorms with lightning.

Sandboarding and Sand Sledding

Freshwater Swimming

Depending on water level, visitors may do any non-motorized and non-mechanized activities in the creek, including splashing, wading, skimboarding, floating (works only in small raft or tube with a child at peak runoff), sand castle building, and sand sculpting. To protect this riparian habitat, please do not disturb living plants or animals, and keep water resources clean.

There are no extra fees for Medano Creek other than the normal entrance fees to the park.

Visitors splashing, floating, and walking in a stream, with dunes and snow-capped mountain.

Visitors Playing in Medano Creek

The creek is easily accessible from the main Dunes Parking Area.

Medano Creek is a popular seasonal stream enjoyed by all ages. On this page you'll learn what to expect month-by-month in an average year, and how the rare phenomon 'surge flow' works. You can also link to <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/medano-creek.htm">current and forecast creek conditions, and a video about the creek</a> showing surge flow waves.   <h3>Medano Creek Month-by-Month in an Average Year</h3> April is the second snowiest month of the year at Great Sand Dunes, but there are also some sunny days with highs in the 60s. Spring is the windy season throughout the southwestern United States, especially afternoons, though mornings are usually calm. The creek begins to trickle down as the snow on the Sangre de Cristo Mountains melts. By late April the creek may be a few inches deep. Cottonwood trees and willows along the creek are not yet leafed out. Late May is near the peak of Medano Creek's annual flow. While it is still springtime and winds may arise, especially in the afternoon, May temperatures are generally moderate, with highs in the 60s-70s F. However, snow is still possible at this elevation in May! Trees and bushes along the creek leaf out. There may be some "no-see-ums" (tiny biting gnats), but mosquitoes are rarely out in May. Late May and early June are the best opportunity to experience "surge flow", where waves up to about 20 inches (50 cm) high flow down across the sand. In wet years with good peak runoff, children can float down the waves on flat inflatable toys. Water comes out of the mountains cold, but warms up significantly when the sun shines on it for a few hours as it spreads across the sand. Because of the creek's popularity, late May and early June weekends are extremely crowded, with long lines of traffic, overflowing parking lots, a crowded beach, and full campgrounds. If possible, plan your visit on a weekday this time of year. June brings warmer temperatures for water play and generally pleasant conditions the first week of June. But as the creek becomes much lower and warmer around the second week of June, mosquitoes emerge in large numbers. Move away from vegetation, to the far side of the creek to avoid the worst of the mosquitoes: they don't like open sand, but prefer to be near shady bushes and trees. By late June, the water level will be fairly low, only 1 or 2 inches (1-5cm). Because of the creek's popularity, late May and early June weekends are extremely crowded, with long lines of traffic, overflowing parking lots, a crowded beach, and full campgrounds. If possible, plan your visit on a weekday this time of year. In July, unless there are significant ongoing rains, the creek will begin to retreat back toward the mountains, drying up at the main visitor area near the Dunes Parking Lot. It will continue to gently flow (1/2" - 1" deep) along the eastern edge of the dunefield, near the Castle Creek picnic area. Castle Creek is accessible by high clearance 4WD vehicle on the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/medano-pass-road.htm">Medano Pass Primitive Road</a>. Visitors without 4WD may also access the creek in late summer by hiking approximately 2 miles (3.5 km) up the creekbed from the Dunes Parking Lot, or approximately 0.7 miles (1km) from the Point of No Return parking area. Mosquitoes usually disappear after the water retreats. July is the warmest month at the park, with average highs in the low 80s F. In August and September, the creek will likely be completely gone from the main visitor area near the Dunes Parking Lot. It may continue to gently flow (1/2 to 1 inch or 1-2cm deep) along the eastern edge of the dunefield, near the Castle Creek Picnic Area. Castle Creek is accessible by high clearance 4WD vehicle on the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/medano-pass-road.htm">Medano Pass Primitive Road</a>. Visitors without 4WD may also access the creek late summer by hiking approximately 2 miles (3.5 km) up the creekbed from the Dunes Parking Lot, or 0.7 miles (1km) from the Point of No Return parking area. Mosquitoes typically disappear along with the creek. <h3>Surge Flow - A Rare Phenomenon</h3> Medano Creek is one of the few places in the world where one can experience surge flow, a stream flowing in rhythmic waves on sand. Three elements are needed to produce the phenomenon: a relatively steep gradient to give the stream a high velocity; a smooth, mobile creekbed with little resistance; and sufficient water to create surges. In spring and early summer, these elements combine to make waves at Great Sand Dunes. As water flows across sand, sand dams or antidunes form on the creekbed, gathering water. When the water pressure is too great, the dams break, sending down a wave about every 20 seconds. In wet years, waves can surge over a foot (30 cm) high!

Pets must be leashed at all times. Do not allow your pet's waste in the water where visitors are playing; clean up after them.

<h3>Medano Creek Month-by-Month in an Average Year</h3> April is the second snowiest month of the year at Great Sand Dunes, but there are also some sunny days with highs in the 60s. Spring is the windy season throughout the southwestern United States, especially afternoons, though mornings are usually calm. The creek begins to trickle down as the snow on the Sangre de Cristo Mountains melts. By late April the creek may be a few inches deep. Cottonwood trees and willows along the creek are not yet leafed out. Late May is near the peak of Medano Creek's annual flow. While it is still springtime and winds may arise, especially in the afternoon, May temperatures are generally moderate, with highs in the 60s-70s F. However, snow is still possible at this elevation in May! Trees and bushes along the creek leaf out. There may be some "no-see-ums" (tiny biting gnats), but mosquitoes are rarely out in May. Late May and early June are the best opportunity to experience "surge flow", where waves up to about 20 inches (50 cm) high flow down across the sand. In wet years with good peak runoff, children can float down the waves on flat inflatable toys. Water comes out of the mountains cold, but warms up significantly when the sun shines on it for a few hours as it spreads across the sand. Because of the creek's popularity, late May and early June weekends are extremely crowded, with long lines of traffic, overflowing parking lots, a crowded beach, and full campgrounds. If possible, plan your visit on a weekday this time of year. June brings warmer temperatures for water play and generally pleasant conditions the first week of June. But as the creek becomes much lower and warmer around the second week of June, mosquitoes emerge in large numbers. Move away from vegetation, to the far side of the creek to avoid the worst of the mosquitoes: they don't like open sand, but prefer to be near shady bushes and trees. By late June, the water level will be fairly low, only 1 or 2 inches (1-5cm). Because of the creek's popularity, late May and early June weekends are extremely crowded, with long lines of traffic, overflowing parking lots, a crowded beach, and full campgrounds. If possible, plan your visit on a weekday this time of year. In July, unless there are significant ongoing rains, the creek will begin to retreat back toward the mountains, drying up at the main visitor area near the Dunes Parking Lot. It will continue to gently flow (1/2" - 1" deep) along the eastern edge of the dunefield, near the Castle Creek picnic area. Castle Creek is accessible by high clearance 4WD vehicle on the <a href="http://cms.nps.doi.net/grsa/planyourvisit/medano-pass-road.htm">Medano Pass Primitive Road</a>. Visitors without 4WD may also access the creek in late summer by hiking approximately 2 miles (3.5 km) up the creekbed from the Dunes Parking Lot, or approximately 0.7 miles (1km) from the Point of No Return parking area. Mosquitoes usually disappear after the water retreats. July is the warmest month at the park, with average highs in the low 80s F. In August and September, the creek will likely be completely gone from the main visitor area near the Dunes Parking Lot. It may continue to gently flow (1/2 to 1 inch or 1-2cm deep) along the eastern edge of the dunefield, near the Castle Creek Picnic Area. Castle Creek is accessible by high clearance 4WD vehicle on the <a href="http://cms.nps.doi.net/grsa/planyourvisit/medano-pass-road.htm">Medano Pass Primitive Road</a>. Visitors without 4WD may also access the creek late summer by hiking approximately 2 miles (3.5 km) up the creekbed from the Dunes Parking Lot, or 0.7 miles (1km) from the Point of No Return parking area. Mosquitoes typically disappear along with the creek.

Medano Creek is a popular seasonal stream enjoyed by all ages.

Water flow is generally highest at dawn, and lowest at dusk.

Splash in Medano Creek

Scenic Views

Watersheds

Along with connecting to the diverse human history of this passageway in the mountains, enjoy wildflowers in summer, colorful trees in fall, and diverse birds and mammals year round.

Montville Trail is a hike for all ages, including families with younger children and seniors. Mosca Pass Trail is moderately strenuous, especially for those not acclimated to Rocky Mountain elevations.  

The average time for Montville Trail is 30 minutes. Mosca Pass requires an average of 3.5 hours round trip, but since there are virtually no views at the top, visitors can feel free to turn around at any point along the trail.

Other than the main entrance fee to the park, there are no fees to hike Great Sand Dunes trails.

Montville Nature Trail

The trailhead for Montville Trail and Mosca Pass Trail is located in a separate parking area just north of visitor center parking.

Just above the dunefield are montane woodlands of pinon and ponderosa pine, subalpine aspen and conifer forests, alpine lakes and rugged mountains over 13,000 feet (4,000 m) in elevation. The easiest hiking access to forest in the national park is on the Montville Nature Trail and Mosca Pass Trail. Watch a <a href="https://youtu.be/1qg5Lv5L2ac">short video showing Mosca Pass Trail in the fall season</a> on the Great Sand Dunes YouTube Channel. Montville Nature Trail This is the easiest, most popular forest hike in the park. In summer, keep this hike as an option for afternoon as an escape from the heat of the dunes. Walk along a shady forested trail named for a late 1800s settlement, comprising 20 houses in its heydey. Rest near the trail's highpoint, where you'll find views of Mt. Herard, the dunes and the valley. A booklet available at the trailhead provides numbered stops to learn about this historic community and the mountain pass above it. Round Trip Hike: 0.5 mile (1 km) Elevation Gain: 200 feet (60 m) Average Time: 30 minutes <h3>Mosca Pass Trail</h3> This trail continues past Montville Nature Trail, following a small creek to the summit of a low pass in the Sangre de Cristo mountains. Though views are limited, it has shady aspen and evergreen forests. Indigenous tribes and early settlers used this route for travel into the valley. Round Trip Hike: 7 miles (11 km) Elevation Gain: 1400 feet (427 m) Average Time: 3.5 hours

Pets are permitted on leash on Montville Trail and Mosca Pass Trail. Please be sure to clean up after your pet.

Montville Trail is generally accessible year round, but there may be small snowdrifts in winter months. Mosca Pass Trail is generally not accessible for hiking in winter and early spring due to deep snow; snowshoes or backcountry skis may be needed on the upper parts of the trail from November through April.

Just above the dunefield are montane woodlands of pinon and ponderosa pine, subalpine aspen and conifer forests, alpine lakes and rugged mountains over 13,000 feet (4,000 m) in elevation. The easiest access to forest in the national park is on the Montville Nature Trail and Mosca Pass Trail.

These forested trails are good to hike any time of day, and are also available at night to listen for owls.

Hike Montville Nature Trail or Mosca Pass Trail

Forests and Woodlands

Mountains

Roads, Routes and Highways

Homesteading

Stargazing

Plan your visit on a clear moonless night, or after the moon sets, to see the most stars. To enjoy the dunes at night without the need for artificial lights, visit on a bright full moon.  

Take at least a half hour to allow your eyes to adjust to the dark, and for all traces of dusk light to fade into darkness. There is no limit on how long you can enjoy the night sky on the dunes, but if you plan to camp on the dunes all night long, you must obtain a backpacking permit.  

The Milky Way over a shallow stream flowing across sand at night

Milky Way over Medano Creek

The easiest way to access open night skies is from the main Dunes Parking Lot. Walk out across the creek or dry creek bed away from the parking area.

Half the park is after dark! Night at Great Sand Dunes can include dunes exploration under a bright full moon, viewing thousands of stars on a clear moonless night, listening for owls along the foothills, or observing migrating amphibians on a wet night. <a href="https://youtu.be/Kqt66tnzOPA">Watch a video about experiencing the night at Great Sand Dunes</a> and a <a href="https://youtu.be/0wyLHtmzlm0">video about Jicarilla Apache Star Stories</a> on our YouTube Channel. With a combination of dry air, little light pollution, and high elevation, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is an excellent and easily accessible dark sky viewing location! In 2019, Great Sand Dunes was certified as an International Dark Sky Park by the International Dark Sky Association. <h3>Planning to Experience the Night</h3> <ul> <li>To see the most stars, plan your visit for moonless nights, or nights with a late moonrise. <a href="http://stardate.org/nightsky/moon">View a moon calendar for the month you plan to visit</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://stardate.org/nightsky/moon">Plan your visit on the full moon</a> for a surreal walk on the dunes with no need for a flashlight.</li> <li>The <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/images/600-milkyway-over-dunes.jpg">Milky Way</a> is highest and clearest in the evening sky during late summer and fall.</li> <li>Watch the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/weather.htm">weather forecast</a> to time your visit for nights with little chance of rain. If it is rainy, watch for frogs, toads and salamanders along Medano Creek or in the dunes! Rainy weather is safe for exploration unless it is accompanied by lightning.</li> <li>When exploring the dunes on dark nights, make sure to plan in advance how you will find your vehicle after you return, because the parking lot/trail access is not obvious in the dark. When hiking back toward the Dunes Parking Lot, aim toward the left end of the long line of trees along Medano Creek. The parking area is located about 100 yards (100 meters) to the right of the end of the trees.</li> <li>Minimize your use of lights. Shining a bright flashlight will diminish your night vision for up to 30 minutes, limiting your view of the night sky and wildlife, and harming other visitors' experience. Use only a red light if needed.</li> <li>Keep an eye out for the night-life of the dunes, including camel crickets, kangaroo rats, toads, salamanders, coyotes, bobcats, and owls. Never touch wildlife, and remember that their nocturnal eyes are highly sensitive to light. Use only a red light if needed.</li> <li>Don't just depend on your eyes to experience the night. Feel the soft night breezes. Listen for the call of owls, the howling of distant coyotes, the calls of frogs and toads, the rustle of creatures in the forest, and the drum of kangaroo rats thumping warnings to each other. And smell the fresh scents of piñon pine, juniper, and seasonal flowers. You may notice that your senses grow sharper as you spend more time in dark and quiet locations.</li> </ul>   <h3>Night Programs</h3> Summer night programs are a good way to experience and understand the night sky and nocturnal ecology. <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/guidedtours.htm">Check the program schedule</a> during summer months to see what evening programs are scheduled during your visit.

Pets are permitted in the main day use area of the dunes, but not beyond the first high ridge. Please keep them leashed and clean up after them.

Experiencing the night is available year round, but be prepared for frigid conditions in winter months. The Milky Way is highest and most visible in the sky in late summer and early fall. Any moonlight will make the Milky Way difficult to see, so time your visit for a moonless evening.

Half the park is after dark! Night at Great Sand Dunes can include dunes exploration under a bright full moon, viewing thousands of stars on a clear moonless night, listening for owls along the foothills, or observing migrating amphibians on a wet night.

Experience the Night

Night Sky

Science, Technology and Innovation

Backcountry Hiking

Take your 4WD vehicle around the dunes and up to Medano Lake Trailhead, about 1/2 mile west of Medano Pass. Hike 3.7 miles with 2,000 feet elevation gain to Medano Lake. Continue a steep 1.5 miles to the summit of 13,297 ft (4,053 m) Mount Herard for an aerial perspective on the entire dunefield! This is a physically demanding but incredibly rewarding way to experience many of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve's ecoystems, from desert dunes to alpine tundra. Watch the high-energy 40-second video to get a glimpse of this unique experience. 4WD time from Great Sand Dunes Visitor Center to Medano Lake Trailhead: 1 hour, 30 minutes. Round Trip Hiking Mileage to Summit of Mount Herard and Back; 9 miles (15 km) Elevation Gain: 3,370 feet (1,027 m) Plan a full, long day for this drive and hike. Check road and trail conditions with the visitor center at 719-378-6395, and check weather forecasts on the park's weather page: https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/weather.htm

This requires strenuous, steep hiking in thin air at elevations up to 13,297 feet/4,053 m.

Plan a full, long day for this drive and hike1

Alpine tundra in foreground, part of the dunefield at right, and snow-capped Blanca Peak

Dunes from Mount Herard

Summit of Mount Herard, 13,297 feet/4,053 m, part of Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. Medano Creek begins as snowfields on this mountain, part of the Great Sand Dunes' watershed.

Take your 4WD vehicle around the dunes and up to Medano Pass, hike to a small alpine lake, then continue to the summit of 13,297 ft (4,053 m) Mount Herard for an aerial perspective on the entire dunefield! This is a physically demanding but incredibly rewarding way to experience many of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve's ecoystems, from desert dunes to alpine tundra. Watch the high-energy 40-second video to get a glimpse of this unique experience!

Pets are permitted, on leash at all times, in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. Please clean up after your pet.

Medano Pass Primitive Road access is seasonal, and depends on snowpack and creek levels. On average, the pass opens around late May, and closes by November. There are typically snowdrifts on the trail and tundra through at least mid-June, and often into July.

In summer, start your hike very early to avoid afternoon lightning storms on the open tundra. Always check weather forecasts on weather.gov .

Hike Medano Lake and Mount Herard

Fish

Tundra

Photography

Foothills, Plains and Valleys

Coniferous Forests

Deciduous Forests

Meadows

Lakes

River and Riparian

Trails

Music Pass Trailhead is accessed from Highway 69 on the east side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, 4.5 miles south of Westcliffe. Turn off Highway 69 to the west at the sign for Music Pass and South Colony Lakes Trailhead. At the "T" junction, turn left onto South Colony Road. At the end of the ranch fence on the right, you'll see another sign for Music Pass. 2WD vehicles should park where the Rainbow Trail crosses Music Pass Road. This lower trailhead will add 2.5 miles (4 km) each way to the hike.. 4WD vehicles may continue another 2.5 miles to Music Pass Trailhead at the end of the road. From here, it is a steep 1 mile (1.6 km) hike to the pass at treeline, with a great view of Upper Sand Creek basin. From the pass, hike farther to the alpine lakes, or to any one of the 13,000' peaks above the basin. Round Trip Hiking Mileages From Music Pass Trailhead Lower Sand Creek Lake: 8 miles (12.8 km), 2000 feet (610 m) elevation gain Upper Sand Creek Lake: 9 miles (14.4 km), 2000 feet (610 m) elevation gain

Plan a long day to drive to the trailhead, do the round trip hike at high elevation, and have time for lunch, photos, and exploration.

An alpine lake with conifer trees at the side, and rocky summit with snow

Lower Sand Creek Lake

Lower Sand Creek Lake is one of the alpine lakes in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve, the watershed of the dunes.

Sand Creek Lakes are part of the alpine watershed of Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. A longer drive and hike is required to reach these lakes, but the mountain scenery is worth the effort. Check with a ranger for conditions before travel. Snow may block these trails from November into June.  Music Pass Trailhead is accessed from Highway 69 on the east side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, 4.5 miles south of Westcliffe. Turn off Highway 69 to the west at the sign for Music Pass and South Colony Lakes Trailhead. At the "T" junction, turn left onto South Colony Road. At the end of the ranch fence on the right, you'll see another sign for Music Pass. 2WD vehicles should park where the Rainbow Trail crosses Music Pass Road. This lower trailhead will add 2.5 miles (4 km) each way to the hike.. 4WD vehicles may continue another 2.5 miles to Music Pass Trailhead at the end of the road. From here, it is a steep 1 mile (1.6 km) hike to the pass at treeline, with a great view of Upper Sand Creek basin. From the pass, hike farther to the alpine lakes, or to any one of the 13,000' peaks above the basin. Round Trip Hiking Mileages From Music Pass Trailhead Lower Sand Creek Lake: 8 miles (12.8 km), 2000 feet (610 m) elevation gain Upper Sand Creek Lake: 9 miles (14.4 km), 2000 feet (610 m) elevation gain

Pets are permitted in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve, on leash at all times. Please clean up after your pet.

The area is open year round, but unless you have snowshoes and avalanche gear, plan to access the lakes only in summer or fall. In an average snow year, there are still some snowdrifts on the trail through June. Mid-summer is the prettiest time of year to visit the lakes, when flowers are blooming, grass is green, and snowfields still lace the mountains.  

Sand Creek Lakes are part of the alpine watershed of Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. A longer drive and hike is required to reach these lakes, but the mountain scenery is worth the effort. Check with a ranger for conditions before travel. Snow may block these trails from November into June. 

Many people backpack into the lakes, camping at marked sites back away from the lakes. No reservations are needed to camp in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve.

Hike Sand Creek Lakes

Geology

Natural Sounds

Wilderness

Auto Off-Roading

Be prepared to drive through soft sand, creek crossings, and rocky terrain. Watch for Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in Medano Canyon, along with other mammals and birds. Drive the road in late September through early October to enjoy fall colors.  

You can turn around at many places along the road, providing flexibility in your trip. Plan on 2 1/2 to 3 hours to drive the entire 22 mile road between CO 150 to CO 69.

A white Jeep crosses a creek surrounded by gold aspen trees

Jeep on Medano Pass Primitive Road

Medano Pass Primitive Road extends 22 rough miles between CO 150 and CO 69.

<h3>Current Conditions</h3> Check <a href="https://www.nps.gov/grsa/planyourvisit/medano-pass-road.htm">current conditions of the road</a> on the park website. <h3>Overview</h3> This is a rough 22 mile road connecting Great Sand Dunes with the Wet Mountain Valley and Colorado State Highway 69. Passable only in the warmer months and only with high-clearance 4-wheel-drive vehicles, it gives access to Medano Pass (elevation 10,040’) and Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. This road crosses areas of deep sand, traverses Medano Creek nine times, and passes through excellent habitat for bighorn sheep. Average driving time for the entire primitive road is about 2.5 - 3 hours. Reduce tire pressure to about 20 psi if the sand is dry and soft. A free air station is available near the south entrance to the road in warmer months between the hours of 7AM and 9PM. If you reduce pressure, you will need to reinflate using your own air compressor before driving over rocks in Medano Canyon. Drive through creek crossings slowly to avoid drowning your engine. <h3>Mileage Chart</h3> Set your odometer to zero at the western entrance of the primitive road to follow along with this guide. 0.0 End of Paved Road: start of Medano Pass Primitive Road. 0.2 Garden Creek: flows until mid-summer 0.5 Buck Creek: intermittent stream 1.0 Sawmill Creek: flows until mid-summer. 1.1 Point of No Return: 4WD vehicles ONLY past this point. Sand Ramp Trail access. 1.4 Ponderosa Point Picnic Area: view of Mt. Herard (13,297’) and dunes. 1.8 Sand Pit: DEEP SAND! Reduce tire pressure to about 20 pounds if sand is soft 2.6 Castle Creek Picnic Area: picnic tables, vault toilet. Park only in designated areas. 3.3 Horse Canyon: views of eastern dunes and foothills. 4.5 1st Crossing of Medano Creek: spring runoff can be very deep! Use caution. 4.6 Old Fire Road: closed to vehicles. 1/2 mile walk to ridge with good views. 5.0 Sand Ramp Trail: trail crosses road. Overnight backpacking permit required. 5.2 Park/Preserve Boundary: roadside campsites begin, numbered by mileage fromboundary. 8 campsites over next 0.3 mile. 5.6 2nd Crossing of Medano Creek 5.9 More Campsites: 2 campsites over next 0.5 mile. 6.1 3rd Crossing of Medano Creek: look for bighorn sheep in meadows and cliffs. 6.2 Herard family’s 1870s homestead site (only foundation remains). 6.4 4th Crossing of Medano Creek 6.8 5th crossing of Medano Creek: 4 campsites over next 0.9 mile. 6.9 Tight squeeze: narrow roadway, boulders on roadsides. Use caution! 7.2 6th crossing of Medano Creek 7.7 Crossing of a Tributary Creek 7.8 Two alternatives: left side usually best. 7.9 7th Crossing of Medano Creek: road steeper ahead. 8.4 More campsites: 1 campsite within next 0.3 mile. 8.6 Creek Crossing of a Tributary Creek. 8.8 Beaver Dams: long meadows, marsh, and beaver dams. 9.0 Three Cabins: burned in 2010 wildfire. 9.5 More Campsites: 6 campsites over next 1.5 miles. 9.6 8th Crossing of Medano Creek 10.6 Creek crossing of a Tributary Creek. 10.7 Medano Lake Trailhead: trailhead at end of short spur road. 11.0 Irrigation ditch: steep section ahead. 11.2 Medano Pass: elevation 10,040’ above sea level. <h3>Medano Road Camping Information</h3> Roadside camping is permitted only at 21 numbered campsites in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve beginning 5.2 miles from where the road begins near Piñon Flats Campground. These sites are indicated with a brown post and camping symbol, and are numbered by approximate road mileage from the Park/Preserve boundary to Medano Pass. Numbers in parentheses are approximate road mileage from Medano Pass down to the Preserve/Park boundary. Roadside car camping is only permitted in designated sites in the national preserve. Vehicle access to these sites is only available late spring through fall, depending on snow, creek, and road conditions.These designated sites are free of charge and first-come, first-served. All 21 sites fill on summer weekends. <h3>Camping Regulations for Medano Road Campsites</h3> <ul> <li>Camping is permitted in designated, marked sites only in the national preserve. No permits are necessary.</li> <li>Tents must be located within 40 feet of the front of the bear box at each site.</li> <li>Pets must be leashed or restrained at all times.</li> <li>Fires only in existing fire rings; put out completely with water. Gather dead and down firewood 4” or less diameter.</li> <li>No off-road driving. Vehicles must be highway-legal in Colorado. Park only in designated campsites or parking areas.</li> <li>Secure food, coolers, toiletries, and trash from black bears. Lock them in the bear boxes provided at most sites.</li> <li>All trash, including orange peels, egg shells and toilet paper, must be removed. Bury human waste 6” deep.</li> </ul> <h3>Fat Bikes</h3> Fat bikes (mountain bikes with extra wide tires for sand) are permitted on the Medano Pass Primitive Road, both for day use and for overnight camping in Medano Canyon. Check current sand conditions before riding; if sand gets too soft and dry, travel may not be possible. Bikes are not permitted off-road. You will be sharing the road with vehicles, some traveling at higher speeds in order to make it through sandy sections. For your safety, listen and watch carefully for vehicles as you ride.

Pets are permitted on leash along Medano Pass Primitive Road, and throughout Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. Please clean up after your pet.

No reservations are needed or accepted to drive the road or to camp in primitive campsites.

The rpass typically opens by late May, and stays open through part of November. Check current conditions on the park website.

Drive a a 4WD around the eastern edge of the dunes then over a forested mountain pass. Be prepared for soft sand, creek crossings, and rocky terrain.

Not recommended to drive this road at night due to soft sand areas, creek crossings, and rocky terrain.

4WD Medano Pass Primitive Road

Canyons and Canyonlands

Open 24/7 year round! There are no limitations, timed entries, or reservations to visit. The tallest dunes in North America are the centerpiece in a diverse landscape of grasslands, wetlands, forests, alpine lakes, and tundra. Stay on a moonless night to experience countless stars in this International Dark Sky Park!